1. Set the oil delivery screw too much.
2. The injection acceleration system of the injection pump is stuck.
3. Low cylinder compression
Monday, September 12, 2022
Black smoke engine
The engine starts and then turns off.
1. The valve is leaking or stuck.
2. Set the Governor at the wrong pace.
No power engine
1. Leaking valve
2. The piston is loose.
3. Wrong valve set
4. The piston ring is broken.
5. Wrong timing of ignition
6. Engine overheating
The engine is not idling properly.
1. The governor is set in the wrong idle position.
2. Wrong ignition timing
3. Leaking valve
4. Broken valve spring
While working there is a sound
1. Unbalanced load, abnormal noise
2. Coupling connector loose, not level.
3. Gap distance between rotors and bad stator
4. The thin steel plate is loose.
- -Fix load balance, adjust coupling to level
- - Check the belt
- - Knots to tighten the crashes.
Abnormally high heat
1. Overwork
2. Unbalanced load
3. The fuse for the load wire is broken.
4. Bad cooling
5. The rotor winding is short-circuited or the winding is not fully integrated.
6. The stator winding is short-circuited or the winding is not fully integrated.
7. Broken ball bearing
- – Measure current relative to the size on the nameplate Balance the load, replace the fuse.
- -Clean, inspect and replace the damaged coil.
- - Check the bearing for loose or dry.
There is problem while working. No output voltage
1. Short-circuited stator winding or open-circuit winding
2. The rotor winding is short-circuited or open-circuit winding.
3. Slip-ring short-circuit
4. Internal humidity
5. There is no voltage on the carbon brushes on the slipring. or no direct voltage from the exciter
6. The voltmeter is defective.
7. Loose connection point8. Forgot to adjust the voltage regulator
- – Inspect and replace damaged coils
- - Check the insulation resistance, slipping with a maker
- -Check the resistance of the coil and dry it.
- - Check for faults of switch, check fuse from exciter wire.
- - Check the voltmeter Clean the slip ring and carbon brush.
- - clean and adjust contact firmly
- – Adjust Governor speed control
The output voltage is abnormally high.
1. Speed is too high, abnormal.
2. Entering too many fields.
3. A set of open-circuit delta-connected stator windings
- – Adjusted the governor to control the speed less.
- - Adjust the voltage regulator
- - Connect or replace the coil at one new set
Invalid frequency keep changing
1. The speed is incorrect or keeps changing.
2. Direct input voltage The field is not fixed.
- – Adjust the speed governor
- -Adjust the exciter drive belt to be stunned.
High and low output voltage
1. The voltage regulator contacts are dirty.
2.The external field resistance is not tight.
- – Clean and tighten the contacts.
- - Connect and adjust the contact face firmly.
Friday, September 9, 2022
The stator got hot at some point.
1. Some phase armature windings are short-circuited.
2. The rotor is not centered.
3. Each coil unbalanced circuit
4. The coil joint is not tight.
5. Wrong connection of phase windings.
- - Inspect and replace defective coils with new ones.
- - Check the bend of the shaft
- - Balance each coil of the circuit
- - Make the coil joints tight.
- - Connect the phase sequence of the windings correctly.
Magnetic coil overheating
1. The magnetic field coil is short-circuited.
2. The direct current entering the field is too high.
3. Bad heat dissipation
- – Check and replace the defective coil.
- - Reduce the direct current from the exciter.
- – Clean the parts, remove the obstruction of the cooling way.
When touching the generator frame and electric shock.
1. Connect the magnetic field coil at the stator reverse direction.
2.Electrostatic charge or magnetic field coil leak into the ground.
3. The armature coil is leaking to the ground.
- – Check the polarity sequence and connect the wires in the correct order
- – Check the ground connection of the generator chassis. Clean and reconnect firmly.
How to maintain the generator after each use
- The fuel used in the power engine must be free of contaminants.
- Must choose a good quality lubricant.
- Generator maintenance is required to follow the generator's specific manual.
- before running the generator A thermostat must be installed to control the temperature.
- The use of generators requires safety precautions.
- Avoid overloading the generator.
- If the oil pressure level is lower than normal Do not operate the generator.
- When it detects that there are parts of the engine that are damaged. Avoid using generators.
- When the engine overheats, it must be stopped. and must not exceed 950 degrees
- In the event that the coolant temperature is below 600 degrees, the generator must be turned on. Because it will adversely affect the engine.
Notice after use generator
- Check the DC charge of the alternator.
- Check the battery's DC charge.
- The oil pressure is approximately 0.41 Mpa at 1,500 rpm.
- The temperature of the engine compartment must be below 510 degrees.
- Check the temperature of diesel fuel. must be less than 710 degrees
- while the generator supplies power The coolant temperature is about 800 degrees.
- Check whether the automatic commutator is working properly.
- Check whether the frequency is correct or not.
- Check whether the voltage is correct or not.
- Check the balanced or similar power supply in each phase.
- The generator must be maintained for a specified period of time.
Application ideas generator
In an era where fuel is expensive Electric power is also expensive, so there are efforts to generate electricity for use by ourselves. For the generator required The engine is the production power. It is still inevitable that the use of fuels such as oil anyway. Such an invention is developed to find energy to replace the mechanical energy obtained from the engine, which is the power source that can generate rotational force for the generator without the need for exhaustive energy.
Wasting and counting the days, getting more and more delicious. Therefore, many ideas were born that could generate low-cost mechanical energy. to drive Generator for home use or accumulate mechanical energy from things both naturally occurring And by-products from many activities that are generated as energy, there are many "cool" ideas to develop and invent energy sources. power that can be fed to A generator with great wisdom
Generator from rain water
Raindrops falling from the sky including water that flows from high to low Earth's gravity is mechanical energy that has no cost. The flow of rainwater that collects and falls from the roof. as the power source to drive moving generator We will get electricity without production costs, no FT and no VAT.
First of all, rain gutters must be installed. to allow rainwater to converge to a single point, thereby increasing the flow rate to be strong enough to push the turbines connected to Spinning machine when the generator receives rotational force, causing the intersection of the armature coil and the magnetic field coil. resulting in electrical energy that can be utilized or can apply this idea to energy Other forms of power, such as the flow of water in the water supply system “Every time you turn on the tap and use water, it will generate electricity for use.
Generator from spinning
Exercise with a stationary treadmill is still popular to this day. cycling with exercise equipment It is a useless mechanical energy elephant. "It's just throwing away," so if we take The mechanical energy generated by cycling with an exercise machine. come into energy I'm going to drive a generator. It is considered to have many benefits because in addition to helping to enhance our health and strength. also have by-products by Producing electricity for use as well ” Every time we ride a bike is to generate electricity.”
Circulating generator
“Electric motors generate mechanical energy. Motor generator generates electric power.” If we take the energy of the two motors to circulate power to each other, it will be a good support for each other's energy. when plugged in mechanical power motor The rotational force is transmitted to the generator and power.
Electricity is fed back to the motor that generates mechanical energy. Renewable energy is used to generate energy. It may use a small amount of main electricity from electricity "at the start of work". In addition, it uses complementary energy. without end Waste of main electricity anymore.
Electricity and sockets for generators
When choosing a generator the best for your needs The first thing you need to know is generator what size do you want to buy That means you have to understand how much power you need. Your refrigerator may only need 700 watts of power to operate. But what happens when 2100 watts of initial power is required? Pay attention to the initial watts needed to run the device you want to connect to. Generators, like "running watts"
The other side is the channel you need. small inverter generator Usually there are a few 120V AC outlets and maybe a few USB ports. Once you get up to 4000W you'll start to see 240V plugs appear with additional 120V outlets if you're thinking of getting an electrician. to the generator directly to the control panel. You will need a 240V plug since you are using it. The generator is outside. Look for a machine with a GFCI-protected receptacle.
Generators are used occasionally or regularly.
Generator Most have consumer warranties that cover you for years. for emergency power or use for recreation Well-known brands will work, however, if you're a crew that needs generators almost every day. You should look for a model with a more suitable commercial engine. Not only will it fit better. But you may still get a warranty that lasts for more than a year. Instead of just 90 days or 6 months, the obvious downside is that they tend to be more expensive.
Generator with fuel
The most popular fuel for generators is gasoline. The most important advantage of this fuel is that it is easily available at any gas station. If you have a gasoline generator You have to supply enough fuel, however, that's not an easy thing to do. Storing large amounts of gasoline is a fire hazard. And besides, gasoline has problems over time. gas with ethanol which is the majority of gas sold today. Usually it only lasts a month. Adding a fuel stabilizer can extend its service life up to one year. But that means replacing your entire supply every 12 months.
Conventional petrol generators require a fuel stabilizer if you have a full tank of fuel. Fuel stabilizers prevent formation, rust and corrosion. That can cause problems with starting the engine and running if you don't plan to use the generator often. It would be a good idea to drain the carburetor for maximum performance.
Propane generator
Propane is not always as easy to buy as fuel. And propane also burns cleaner than gasoline. Not only does it have an unpleasant odor, it produces less CO2 for the same amount of heat, according to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). And according to the EIA, propane is currently cheaper than its price point. Average per gallon for gasoline However, 1 gallon of propane produces only 73% of the energy of a gallon of oil.
Therefore, propane is more expensive to use. Propane-burning generators tend to be slightly more expensive than gasoline-burning generators. But they last longer and cost less to maintain.
Thursday, September 8, 2022
Natural gas generator
If you choose a generator And your home is already using natural gas for heating. You can connect the generator to your gas pipeline. Natural gas is cheaper than propane. But the most important advantage is convenience. There is no need to buy and store fuel or refuel the generator when it runs out. However, natural gas is not an option for generators. And it's not helpful if you don't have natural gas service at home.
Small generator
Generator The smallest can supply up to 4,000 watts of power. These small ones provide enough power to keep some essential equipment running, like a refrigerator and a few lights. They usually have a built-in inverter. Many are small enough to take with you on camping trips.
Medium sized generator
Generator the mid-size can produce between 5,000 and 8,500 watts of power. It can power everything a generator can do. Equipped with special equipment such as computers, portable heaters. and window air conditioners or fans for gas stoves at the top of this range You can power an electric water heater as well.
Big generator
Large generators, including backup generators only Producing from 10,000 watts or more, that's enough to power the range. or even a central air conditioning system along with everything The largest model has more than 15,000 watts of power, which is enough for the entire electric heating system.
Useful properties of generators
Electric start Most generators use a pull cord to start. however Some models come with a push button battery starter. which is easier to use Batteries are not always included with generators.
Gauge The fuel gauge will show you how. How much fuel does a portable generator have left in the tank? Very useful during long power outages. When you have to turn off the power several times Another useful metric is hour meter which will keep track of how many hours the machine has been working This tells you when it's time for an oil change or other routine maintenance.
low oil shutdown This feature protects the generator from damage by turning it off if the oil level is too low. It is standard for most stationary generators. But many portable versions are included.
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Automatic CO Switch Off Newer generators often come with a built-in carbon monoxide (CO) sensor if the CO rises to a dangerous level. It will trip a switch that turns off the generator. according to consumer reports Generators from Generac, Cat and DeWalt all have this feature. Other brands of generators such as Ryobi and Echo have low CO engines to reduce the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.
Multiple channels If your generator is not connected to your household electrical panel with a transfer switch. You need a generator with multiple outlets. so you can plug in multiple devices at the same time Most portable generators have at least two electrical outlets. And some machines have four or more outlets, depending on that.
dual fuel Most portable generators use gasoline only or propane only. However, there will be the most versatile generators available. Also known as a dual-fuel generator. can run on any machine This feature increases the cost of the generator. There are even three-fuel generators that can run on gasoline, propane or natural gas. But these are very rare.
Inverter technology Most portable generators may experience occasional power surges. These do not cause problems with most appliances. But it can damage sensitive electronic devices. Generators with built-in inverters can solve this problem by converting the generator's alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), and then back to alternating current. Inverter generators are generally smaller, lighter, and more fuel-efficient. and much quieter than other portable generators. However, they are still expensive and have limited productivity. A typical inverter generator costs about $1,000 and produces just 2,000 watts.
Gasoline generator
This type of generator, of course, requires gasoline, it will provide a low waste release. It has a sound and then releases carbon dioxide. It is very popular with small generators because it is not very expensive.
Diesel generator
Diesel generators are very durable engines but come at the cost of selling high emissions as well. Most diesel generators are popular in open spaces because diesel generators have a relatively loud noise but high fuel consumption. Quite economical than gasoline, the weight is quite a lot because the diesel engine is an engine that uses a lot of steel material.
Inverter generator
This inverter generator is a generator developed from a gasoline generator. Inverter generators have low oil consumption, low emissions, and low noise and quiet. The disadvantage of inverter generators is that. The price is higher than general generators.
Magnetic poles, the part that creates a magnetic field. The magnetic poles are stationary and are attached to the DC generator frame.
Frame (Frame or Yoke) A frame that holds the axis of the magnet pole and the machine cover. It also provides a path for magnetic fields to provide a complete passage of the magnetic lines. The chassis is usually made of cast iron or steel. Plates that are bent in a way, cylinder, and then welded to hold the joints together. In addition, for large generators, the machine frame is designed to be divided into two parts for ease of transport, with one part being the upper part and the lower part, which can be assembled Machine with knots and screws.
Magnetic pole and Pole Shoes and the tip of the magnetic pole that The rounded arch of the armature axis (Pole Shoes) is made from laminated steel sheets. The pump is the axis of the magnetic pole and Pole Shoes to be assembled into the same sheet by protruding from both edges in front of the magnetic pole. which will look curved The round shape of the armature axis is Pole Shoes Pole and Pole Shoe.
A magnetic field coil is a field coil wound around the core of all primary magnetic poles. by the field windings are insulated With a material such as cotton tape, it is soaked with varnish and dried, then attached to the magnetic pole core. Must be connected to the north and south poles alternately or adjacent poles must be poles of different types.
Commuter The part that serves to change the AC voltage in Armature winding to DC voltage In addition, commuters do function of arranging electricity The commutators are made of copper rods, each of which has a wedge-shaped reamer. for ease of assembly in a cylindrical shape But there will be a sheet of mica in the middle between each tooth. with the size of the working power of the generator, including the voltage between the SECommu The stator is adjacent to the internal structure of the commutator.
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Self-excitation type DC generator
Self-excitation type DC generator There is a principle by the coil. The magnetic field is stimulated by means of DC voltage. from induction of the residual magnetic field inside the generator itself When the armature rotates, a slight induced emf is generated. and will generate electricity As a result, this little current flows through the magnetic field coil, creating a magnetic field. by this magnetic field will help reinforce the magnetic field which is residual at the magnetic pole Therefore, the magnetic field becomes more intense, resulting in induction followed by increased induced emf. more and more
The self-excitation DC generator can also be divided According to the nature of the magnetic coil connection can be 3 types, which will be called The name of each type of self-excitation DC generator is correlated with the way the magnetic field coil is connected to the R winding.
Parallel DC Generator (Shunt DC.Generator)
The working principle of a parallel self excitation DC generator is that when the magnetic field winding is connected in parallel with the armature winding and the generator output, then the current generator is called. exactly this type that Parallel DC Generator by the value of the electric current Excitation of the magnetic field coil in a parallel DC generator is up. Depending on the output voltage and resistance of the magnetic coil, the excitation current of the magnetic coil is normally controlled to be between 0.5-5 percent of the load current.
Wednesday, September 7, 2022
Series DC Generator
The working principle of the self-excited DC generator in series is that the magnetic field coil is connected in series with the armature winding and the output of the generator, so this type of generator is called DC generator. serial coil excitation current The magnetic field that flows through the magnetic field coil of this generator is It is the same as the current that the generator supplies to the load, so we make the output voltage depend on the current flowing through the load.
Compound DC.Generator
The mixed DC generator is to bring the advantages of the generator. Direct current in parallel and in series are combined into one device, becoming a hybrid generator. This is an even better feature. Types of DC generators can be divided according to the circuit connection characteristics of the coil. A magnetic field has two characteristics:
- 1. Long Shunt DC. Compound Generator
- 2. Short Shunt DC. Compound Generator
Stator Core
The stator steel core is the part used to wind the armature coil. The stator steel core is made of thin steel sheet. stacked by reason to design The stator steel core to look like this It is to reduce losses due to hysteresis (Hysteresis Loss) or the loss of magnetic lines created by the coil. with eddy currents in the steel core (Eddy Current Loss) and the steel core also It is a thin soft iron which contains silicon compounds. When they are stacked together, they are made possible. Steel core with greater strength In addition, each steel plate has grooves. air for cooling There are 3 types of stator core grooves which are
- Wide – Open Type Slot
- Semi-Closed Type Slot
- Closed Groove (Wholly Closed Type Slot)
Rotor
A rotating float with a winding embedded around the rotor axis. by the rotor will produce from a dense silicon sheet with an insulating barrier In order to create a eddy current which the electric current is obtained from the exciter, the rotor can be divided into two types.
Salient – Pole Type
Salient – Pole Type rotor is used in low speed generators. or medium-speed generators such as generators that use upstream power as water turbines of various dams
Smooth – Cylindrical Type
Smooth (Cylindrical Type) rotors are used in generators powered by turbine or gas turbines with high rotational speeds of approximately 1,500 rpm and 3,000 rpm. The rotor is a sheet of steel sheet stacked in a long cylinder shape. They are smaller in diameter than the standing pole rotor. The smooth pole rotor is more balanced than the extended pole type and reduces power loss. because of the friction of the wind and centrifugal force to escape the center while rotating is driven at the speed itself
Damper Winding
Damper coil will look like a copper bar which is embedded at the surface area The face of the rotating magnetic pole They are short-circuited to the copper rings on both sides of the rotor. The damper windings prevent vibration or oscillation when the generator speed is uneven.
Exciter
Parts that produce and supply DC power to coils Alternator Magnetic Field Wire where Exeter will be installed. in the same shaft position as the generator However, large generators It uses a batteryless exciter or a Brushless Generator for convenience. in maintenance compared to the use of slippings and carbon brushes In addition, the system excitation complete magnetic coil There is still no need to use an external power source to stimulate it. Instead, the pilot exciter is mounted in the shaft position of the rotor. which is a small 3-phase alternator with a rotating magnetic pole Permanent Magnet
Generator from bike dynamo
Objective
to study the transformation of mechanical energy into electrical energy using a bicycle dynamo
Theory
A dynamo is a type of generator that can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy by Michael Faraday. “Inductive current is caused by a change in the magnetic field that passes through a coil.” The dynamo consists of a coil of conductors and a permanent magnet.
Bike dynamo
This is because bicycles do not have lights like a motorcycle or a car with a battery. and from the principle of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy of dynamo therefore can be adapted to bicycles Because when cycling, it will give mechanical energy and then go to spin a dynamo that has a magnet inside. This causes a change in the magnetic field through the coil and an electric current is induced in the coil conductor. According to Michael Faraday's principle, and make any electrical device or light bulb connected to this dynamo shine. The electric current depends on the rotation speed of the spinning. notice the brightness of the light
Experimental equipment
1. 1 bicycle dynamo
2. The spinning wheel connects the belt to the dynamo head.
3. Light bulb with on-off switch
4. Electrical wires connect the dynamo, electric lamp and switch in a circuit.
5. Plug jack with plug
Experimental method
1. Plug the power jack from the bicycle dynamo into the plug that connects to the light bulb and switch as shown in Figure 4.
2. Turn on the power switch, use 1 lamp, then turn the hand wheel, gradually increasing the speed of rotation. and observe the brightness of the lamp and record the results
3. Repeat the experiment in step 2, but turn on the switch of 2 lamps and 3 lamps respectively.
4. Record the results and summarize the results of the experiment.
Summary of experimental results
The rotation speed of the wheel is related to the electric current (the faster it spins, the more current. making it noticeable that the light bulb is brighter)
light bulb brightness In addition to changing with speed in rotation It also changes according to the number of incandescent lamps used, that is, if one light is switched on, the light is brighter than the 2 light switches on, and two light bulbs are switched on, the light is brighter than the 3 light switches on. even more when the rotation speed is constant)
Get to know the generator
Generator and is officially called a generator. There will be important equipment inside such as a generator. It is also a common folk name for a generator. because it is a machine that is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy Based on the working principle of the magnetic field with the coil cut. Or maybe it's the movement of the coil. To cut off the magnetic field and then come out into electricity that works well. The word generator comes from its full name, dynamo generator. It looks like an engine that has been made to have internal mechanisms. able to produce electricity They are divided into slow cycles or low cycles. and get high speed or high speed with different details as follows
Slow generator drive
Using a slow drive engine It has been used since ancient times. It is the development of diesel engines to work efficiently. but will work only about 1,500 cycles, which in the market for generators in the past This type of machine is very popular. because it can be directly connected to the diesel engine But with various parts and spare parts, the interior of the slow drive is very large, and the sound is quite loud. Therefore, it is not very popular nowadays.
Fast generator drive
Fast drying drive or high speed drive It was developed from famous brands to be more modern and functional. Able to produce electricity at approximately 3,000 cycles with development for use in gasoline and direct connection Also known as Direct Coupling, it makes for a versatile use. and reduce the volume of the machine to be smaller The internal parts and spares are not too complicated or overly complicated. therefore lighter weight
With the engine that works at speeds from 30-40 cycles, the price is cheaper than a diesel engine or a slow engine. You can also add gasoline for energy. thus helping to save on fuel costs But at the same time, the high-revving engine can also be adapted for diesel engines. which is mostly used as a bed for water cooling It also needs to be cut to become a belt tool for testing. can provide the same 3000-4000 cycles
Benefits of using a generator drive
The benefits of using the generator drive. There will be several items. Because as you know, every area needs electricity for use. Because if as long as humans still have to use tools, devices or machines that are connected to electricity The use of a generator is important. The benefits are:
- Used to back up power both in homes and businesses, thereby reducing the damage to life and work more.
- whether electrical appliances Any machine, device or apparatus that must be connected to electricity. If the power goes out suddenly There will still be a backup generator. So it does not cause a power surge that may cause the machine to be damaged easily.
- Available in small, medium and large sizes, the price is not too high. especially home appliances It is considered a price that is easily accessible.
- There are many types of machines to choose from. So you can choose to suit your needs. Especially in the use of energy that comes in many forms, including oil power, hydropower, natural gas power. or even wind power and sunlight, etc.
- Backup power for use in various emergencies and is an automatic operation. It will increase the benefits to hospitals or homes with very sick people.
Engine
The engine is the source of mechanical energy fed to the generator. The size of the engine is directly proportional to the maximum output power at the generator.
There are several factors that must be taken into account while evaluating a generator engine. Consult the engine manufacturer for complete engine operating specifications and maintenance schedules.
Fuel type used - Generator engines run on a variety of fuels such as diesel, gasoline, propane. (in liquid or gas form) or natural gas Small engines usually run on gasoline, while larger engines run on diesel, liquefied propane, propane gas or natural gas. Some engines can also run on both diesel and gas dual-fuel in dual-fuel mode.
Alternator
An alternator, also known as a 'genhead', is the part of a generator that generates electricity from the mechanical input provided by the engine. It consists of an assembly of movable and moving parts encased in the housing. The components work together to cause the relative motion between a magnetic field and an electric field, which in turn generates an electric current.
Generator fuel tank system
Usually, the fuel tank has enough capacity to keep the generator running for an average of 6 to 8 hours. In the case of a small generator, the fuel tank is either part of the generator skid or mounted. located on top of the generator frame For commercial use it may be necessary to build and install an external fuel tank.
The general characteristics of the fuel system are as follows:
- connection of pipes from the fuel tank to the engine The supply line directs the fuel from the tank to the engine and the return line directs the fuel from the engine to the tank.
- Ventilation pipe for oil tank The fuel tank is equipped with a vent hose to prevent pressure or vacuum build-up during filling and draining the tank. When you refuel, make sure there is metal-to-metal contact between the injector and the fuel tank to avoid sparks.
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- Overflow connection from fuel tank to drain This is necessary so that the overflow during tank filling does not cause liquid to spill on the generator set.
- fuel pump This is the transfer of fuel from the main storage tank to the day tank. The fuel pump is generally electrically operated.
- Fuel Water Separator / Fuel Filter This separates water and foreign matter from the liquid fuel to protect other components of the generator from corrosion and contamination.
- fuel injector Atomizes liquid fuel and injects the required amount of fuel into the engine's combustion chamber.
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